Methods research in core outcome set development and implementation for health research - A scoping review protocol

Introduction: Core outcome sets (COS) aim to reduce heterogeneity in outcome measurement and reporting. Through the input of key stakeholders, COS also ensure that clinical trials measure outcomes that are relevant to all who make decisions about health care. Standards for COS development exist but allow for variation in the methods used. However, the choice of methods can have important implications for the outcomes included in the core outcome set and subsequent uptake. The aim of this scoping review is to systematically identify and map published methods research in the context COS development and implementation, and to summarise gaps in evidence.

Methods and analysis: A scoping review will be conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews. Search terms have been developed to identify relevant literature, published from 2010. These search terms will be applied to MEDLINE (Ovid) and CINHAL Ultimate. We will also use forward citation searching for key publications that describe methods for COS development, protocols, and reporting. A team of researchers will screen and extract data with any discrepancies resolved through discussion. Included studies will be those that have asked a methodological question in the context of COS development and implementation.

Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required for this scoping review. The results of the review will be reported in line with the referred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The scoping review and resulting evidence map will be reported in an open access publication and in a plain language summary document.


Contributors

Rachel Knight Lozano, Senior Lecturer, University of Plymouth.
Karen Hughes, Research Associate, University of Liverpool.
Shoba Dawson, Senior Research Fellow, University of Sheffield.
Kirstie L Haywood, Professor of Health Outcomes, University of Warwick.
Sarah Gorst, Senior Research Fellow, University of Liverpool.
Steven MacLennan, Senior Research Fellow, University of Aberdeen.
Christopher Millward, Medical Assessor, Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Agency.
Julia Melluish, Public Research Partner.
Amanda Roberts, Public Research Partner.
Frances Sherratt, Research Associate, University of Liverpool.
Valerie Smith, Professor in Midwifery, University College Dublin.
Nicola Harman, Senior Lecturer, University of Liverpool (Principal Investigator).



Further Study Information

Current Stage: Ongoing
Date: January 2026 - July 2027
Funding source(s): National Institute of health and Care Research; Team Science Award R2 2024 (Ref: NIHR306656)


Health Area

Disease Category: Methodological & diagnostic

Disease Name: N/A

Target Population

Age Range: Unknown

Sex:

Nature of Intervention:

Stakeholders Involved

- Clinical experts
- Consumers (caregivers)
- Consumers (patients)
- Methodologists
- Researchers

Study Type

- COS methods research

Method(s)

- Systematic review

Scoping review conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews. Included studies will be those that have asked a methodological question in the context of COS development and implementation.

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